外源脱落酸对低温胁迫下圆柏属植物幼苗生理特性的影响     

杨志娟  陈银萍  李冬花  张正庆  郝海艳  张风霞  苏向楠 《冰川冻土》2015,37(6):1642-1649

以3 a生圆柏和祁连圆柏幼苗为材料, 采用不同浓度脱落酸(ABA)预处理两种圆柏属幼苗, 测定-4℃低温胁迫处理第9 d叶片相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性, 分析外源ABA对低温胁迫下圆柏属植物叶片膜脂过氧化和渗透调节物质的影响, 为培育较多品种的抗冷冻常绿植物提供理论依据. 结果表明: 低温胁迫下, 一定浓度的ABA预处理能有效保护幼苗叶片膜系统的稳定性、增加渗透调节物质含量和提高抗氧化酶活性, 其中30 mg·L^-1ABA预处理对提高圆柏抗寒性效果最好, 40 mg·L^-1ABA预处理对提高祁连圆柏抗寒性效果最好, 且在外源ABA预处理下, 祁连圆柏的抗寒性比圆柏的强. 因此, 施用适合浓度的ABA在提高圆柏属植物抗寒性方面具有较好的应用价值.  相似文献   

Origin of light volatile hydrocarbon gases in mud volcano fluids, Gulf of Cadiz — Evidence for multiple sources and transport mechanisms in active sedimentary wedges     

Marianne Nuzzo  Edward R.C. Hornibrook  Fiona Gill  Christian Hensen  Richard D. Pancost  Matthias Haeckel  Anja Reitz  Florian Scholz  Vitor H. Magalhes  Warner Brückmann  Luis M. Pinheiro 《Chemical Geology》2009,266(3-4):359-372

Widespread mud volcanism across the thick (≤ 14 km) seismically active sedimentary prism of the Gulf of Cadiz is driven by tectonic activity along extensive strike–slip faults and thrusts associated with the accommodation of the Africa–Eurasia convergence and building of the Arc of Gibraltar, respectively. An investigation of eleven active sites located on the Moroccan Margin and in deeper waters across the wedge showed that light volatile hydrocarbon gases vented at the mud volcanoes (MVs) have distinct, mainly thermogenic, origins. Gases of higher and lower thermal maturities are mixed at Ginsburg and Mercator MVs on the Moroccan Margin, probably because high maturity gases that are trapped beneath evaporite deposits are transported upwards at the MVs and mixed with shallower, less mature, thermogenic gases during migration. At all other sites except for the westernmost Porto MV, δ¹³C–CH₄ and δ²H–CH₄ values of ~ − 50‰ and − 200‰, respectively, suggest a common origin for methane; however, the ratio of CH₄/(C₂H₆ + C₃H₈) varies from ~ 10 to > 7000 between sites. Mixing of shallow biogenic and deep thermogenic gases cannot account for the observed compositions which instead result mainly from extensive migration of thermogenic gases in the deeply-buried sediments, possibly associated with biodegradation of C₂₊ homologues and secondary methane production at Captain Arutyunov and Carlos Ribeiro MVs. At the deep-water Bonjardim, Olenin and Carlos Ribeiro MVs, generation of C₂₊-enriched gases is probably promoted by high heat flux anomalies which have been measured in the western area of the wedge. At Porto MV, gases are highly enriched in CH₄ having δ¹³C–CH₄ ~ − 50‰, as at most sites, but markedly lower δ²H–CH₄ values < − 250‰, suggesting that it is not generated by thermal cracking of n-alkanes but rather that it has a deep Archaeal origin. The presence of petroleum-type hydrocarbons is consistent with a thermogenic origin, and at sites where CH₄ is predominant support the suggestion that gases have experienced extensive transport during which they mobilized oil from sediments ~ 2–4 km deep. These fluids then migrate into shallower, thermally immature muds, driving their mobilization and extrusion at the seafloor. At Porto MV, the limited presence of petroleum in mud breccia sediments further supports the hypothesis of a predominantly deep microbial origin of CH₄.  相似文献   

Composition and origin of lipid biomarkers in the surface sediments from the southern Challenger Deep,Mariana Trench     

Hongxiang Guan  Linying Chen  Min Luo  Lihua Liu  Shengyi Mao  Huangmin Ge  Mei Zhang  Jiasong Fang  Duofu Chen 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(1):351-360

The surface sediments collected from the southern Mariana Trench at water depths between ca. 4900 m and 7068 m were studied using lipid biomarker analyses to reveal the origin and distribution of organic matters. For all samples, an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was present in the hydrocarbon fractions, wherein resistant component tricyclic terpanes were detected but C₂₇–C₂₉ regular steranes and hopanes indicative of a higher molecular weight range of petroleum were almost absent. This biomarker distribution patterns suggested that the UCM and tricyclic terpanes may be introduced by contamination of diesel fuels or shipping activities and oil seepage elsewhere. The well-developed faults and strike-slip faults in the Mariana subduction zone may serve as passages for the petroleum hydrocarbons. In addition, the relative high contents of even n-alkanes and low Carbon Preference Indices indicated that the n-alkanes were mainly derived from bacteria or algae. For GDGTs, the predominance of GDGT-0 and crenarchaeol, together with low GDGT-0/Crenarchaeol ratios (ranging from 0.86 to 1.64), suggests that the GDGTs in samples from the southern Mariana Trench were mainly derived from planktic Thaumarchaeota. However, the high GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio (10.5) in sample BC07 suggests that the GDGTs probably were introduced by methanogens in a more anoxic environment. Furthermore, the n-alkanes C₁₉–C₂₂ and the n-fatty acids C_20:0–C_22:0 were depleted in ¹³C by 3‰ compared to n-alkanes C₁₆–C₁₈ and the n-fatty acids C_14:0–C_18:0, respectively, which was interpreted to result from the preferential reaction of fatty acid fragments with carbon “lighter” terminal carboxyl groups during carbon chain elongation from the precursors to products. The abundance of total alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols and total lipids were generally increased along the down-going seaward plate, suggesting the lateral organic matter inputs play an important role in organic matter accumulation in hadal trenches. The extremely high contents of biomarkers in sample BC11 were most likely related to trench topography and current dynamics, since the lower steepness caused by graben texture and proximity to the trench axis may result in higher sedimentation rate. This paper, for the first time, showed the biomarker patterns in surface sediments of the Mariana Trench and shed light on biogeochemistry of the hardly reached trench environment.  相似文献   

A quantitative study of the degradation of whale bone lipids: Implications for the preservation of fatty acids in marine sediments     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

The degradation and preservation affecting the biomarker record of ancient metazoa are not fully understood. We report on a five month experiment on the fate of fatty acids (FAs) during the degradation of recent whale vertebrae (Phocoena phocoena). Whale bones were analysed for extractable FAs and macromolecularly bound n-acyl compounds. Fresh bone showed extractable FAs dominated by 16:1ω7c, 16:0, 18:1ω9c and 18:0. Calculated degradation rate constant (k) values showed a rapid decrease in FA concentration, with k values higher for unsaturated than for saturated compounds (0.08/day for 18:1ω9c, 0.05/day for 16:0). The appearance or increased abundance of distinctive methyl branched (e.g. i/ai-15:0 and -17:0, 10Me-16:0) and hydroxy FAs (e.g. 10OH-16:0 and 10OH-18:0) were observed, providing clear evidence for the microbial degradation of bone organic matter and an input of lipids from specialised bacteria. Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) of demineralised extraction residues released up to 0.13% of the total n-C₁₆ and n-C₁₈ moieties in the degraded bones. This revealed that only a small, yet sizeable, portion of bone-derived fatty acyl units was sequestered into (proto)kerogen during the earliest stages of degradation.  相似文献   

盐酸甜菜碱对短盖巨脂鲤脂肪代谢的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

陆清儿  李忠全  李行先 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(3):306-312

采用现场实验的方法，以短盖巨脂鲤为对象进行了60天养殖实验，探讨盐酸甜菜碱对其脂肪代谢作用机理。结果表明，盐酸甜菜碱使整鱼水分和含脂量呈下降趋势，鱼肌肉含水量下降，肝脂量极显著降低；肌肉和肝脏中游离肉碱、酸不溶肉碱含量和酸不溶肉碱与游离肉碱的比例极显著提高；血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯极显著下降，脂肪酶活性呈升高趋势；甜菜碱对肠系膜脂肪酶活力产生影响，使鱼肌肉肌问脂肪分布发生明显变化。实验结果提示：甜菜碱可改善肉质，它参与机体代谢活动，使肝脏和肌肉中甲基化产物(肉碱)含量增加，影响肠系膜脂肪酶活力，改变体脂和鱼肉脂肪酸组成，进行体脂重分配。  相似文献   

海水中多环芳烃的暴露浓度对鲈鱼体内脂质过氧化程度的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林建清  洪华生  王新红  肖智强 《台湾海峡》2005,24(3):310-315

本文以鲈鱼为实验材料，以鲈鱼体内的丙二醛含量为指标研究了在水样中16种多环芳烃组分和外加芘为实验试剂的条件下，鲈鱼体内不同器官、组织的脂质过氧化程度的变化．实验结果表明：（1）在鲈鱼鳃、全血中的丙二醛浓度较高，而肝脏的丙二醛浓度较低。（2）水样中多环芳烃及外加芘的暴露能导致鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度升高，这表明多环芳烃以及芘的暴露能引起鲈鱼肝内脂质过氧化程度的提高。（3）水体中多环芳烃及外加芘浓度的变化对鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度的影响具有可逆性，且鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度与水环境的多环芳烃（包括芘）暴露浓度呈良好的正相关关系。这说明：鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度可作为指示水环境的多环芳烃污染程度的指标。由于生物体内的丙二醛浓度受多种因素的影响，在使用丙二醛浓度指标来指示海洋环境的多环芳烃污染时。最好与其他指标配合使用，以更准确地指示海洋环境多环芳烃污染。  相似文献   

生物标志化合物碳同位素地球化学研究的几个相关问题   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

段毅  马兰华 《地球科学进展》1996,11(4):356-361

生物标志化合物稳定碳同位素地球化学是８０年代末期新兴的研究领域。单个生物标志化合物碳同位素组成的成因解释是该领域至关重要的问题。本文综合讨论了与此有关的生物合成过程中脂类化合物碳同位素变化、细菌生物合成过程中碳同位素分馏及其脂类化合物碳同位素组成特征，从而为我国的生物标志化合物碳同位素地球化学研究提供了新的理论依据  相似文献   

Effects of water-borne copper on metallothionein and lipid peroxidation in the marine amphipod gammarus locusta     

Ana D. Correia  David R. Livingstone  M. Helena Costa 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)

The aim of the current work was to determine over 10 days the effects of water-borne exposure of the marine amphipod Gammarus locusta to 4 μgCu l⁻¹ on the metallothionein (MT; measured by differential pulse polarography) protection system and lipid peroxidation (LP; thiobarbituric acid-reactive malondialdehyde equivalents) as a measure of oxidative damage. MT levels in exposed animals increased significantly at day 2 (36% > control; P<0.001) and remained high at days 6 and 10 (55 and 38%, respectively, P<0.001). The maximum level of MT at day 6 coincided with the highest Cu body-burden. LP increased within 1 day of exposure, indicative of Cu as an oxidative stressor. However, in contrast to MT, the highest LP level was seen at day 4 (68% > control, P<0.001) before returning to control values by day 6, indicating a protective role of MT against the pro-oxidant effects of Cu.  相似文献   

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

薛长湖  陈磊  李兆杰  辛梅  林洪  于广利 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(4)

采用化学发光分析法研究岩藻聚糖硫酸酯清除超氧阴离子自由基 (O· -2 )及羟基自由基(· OH)的作用 ,并以高效液相色谱法研究对卵磷脂 (PC)过氧化的抑制能力。结果显示 :(1)三种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分均有清除活性氧自由基的能力 ,但清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力高于清除羟基自由基的能力。其中糖醛酸含量高和硫酸酯含量低的组分 清除自由基的能力最强 ,它对 O· -2 的IC50 为 0 .0 4 4 mg/m L,对· OH的 IC50 为 0 .0 6 2 mg/m L。 (2 )岩藻聚糖硫酯具有抑制 PC过氧化的能力。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分受活性氧损伤后 ,它们的抗氧化能力均降低。研究表明 ,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有较强的体外抗氧化的功能。  相似文献   

Application of pyrolysis–GC/MS for the characterisation of suspended particulate organic matter in the Mediterranean Sea: a comparison with the Black Sea     

Y. oban-Y&#x;ld&#x;z  D. Fabbri  D. Tartari  S. Tu rul  A. F. Gaines 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12):399

Suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) both from the oligotrophic Mediterranean and from the more productive Black Sea has been analysed by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) and by such conventional techniques as elemental analysis and fluorometry. The data achieved by the two approaches generally confirmed and complemented each other. The relative concentrations of pyrolysis products (termed markers) characteristic of chlorophyll (CHL), lipid, carbohydrate (CBH), and protein (PROT) components of SPOM have been determined. The vertical distribution of lipid markers was more uniform in the Mediterranean surface waters. Their relative abundance increased rapidly in the oxycline of the Black Sea, reaching their highest levels in the suboxic zone, where the protein composition of the SPOM changed significantly. In both seas, the relative concentrations of CHL markers increased consistently within the CHL maximum zone where the CBH markers were less abundant. No lignin markers from terrestrial vegetation were detected at significant levels in the pyrograms.  相似文献